PAPER – I
1. Non-chordata and Chordata:
(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses:
Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria
and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and
Hemichordata; Symmetry.
(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features
and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium and
Leishmania.
(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.
(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism;
coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and
life history of Obelia and Aurelia.
(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history
of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.
(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation
of Ascaris and Wuchereria.
(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes;
general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.
(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and
respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion);
modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly,
honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal
regulation, social behaviour of Apis and termites.
(i) Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life
history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in
gastropods.
(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general
features and life history of Asterias.
(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history
of Branchiostoma and Herdmania.
(l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.
(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.
(n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and
crocodiles.
(o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.
(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg
laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and
primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal,
pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.
(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates
(integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs,
digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including
heart and aortic arches, urino-genital system, brain and sense organs
(eye and ear).
2. Ecology:
(a) Biosphere: Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles,
Human induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect,
ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.
(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types
of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.
(c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population
stabilization.
(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.
(e) Wildlife of India.
(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.
(g) Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on biosphere
and its prevention.
3. Ethology:
(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, reponsiveness, sign stimuli, learning and
memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.
(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading;
crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in
primates, social organization in insects.
(c) Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock,
tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.
(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict,
selfishness, kinship and altruism.
4. Economic Zoology:
(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn
culture, vermiculture.
(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria,
tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and
prevention.
(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors
(ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).
(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata)
and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).
(e) Transgenic animals.
(f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic
counselling, gene therapy.
(g) Forensic biotechnology.
5. Biostatistics:
Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression,
distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, Ftest
(one-way & two-way F-test).
6. Instrumentation Methods:
(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy,
radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA,
FISH and chromosome painting.
(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
PAPER - II
1. Cell Biology:
(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma
membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic
spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements,
chromosome type polytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin,
heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.
(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA
processing, translation, protein foldings and transport.
2. Genetics:
(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code.
(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila
and man.
(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles,
genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in
man.
(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.
(e) Recombinant DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial
chromosomes as vectors, transgenic, DNA cloning and whole animal
cloning (principles and methods).
(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and
consequences.
(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA finger printing,
ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and
protomics.
3. Evolution:
(a) Theories of origin of life.
(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutations in evolution,
evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation
and speciation.
(c) Evolution of horse, elephant and man using fossil data.
(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.
(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.
4. Systematics: Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics,
molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.
5. Biochemistry:
(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol,
proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.
b) Glycolysis and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative
phosphorylation, energy conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclic
AMP – its structure and role.
(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis
and functions.
(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.
(e) Vitamins and co-enzymes
(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.
6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):
(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor
in man, factors and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acidbase
balance, thermo-regulation, anticoagulants.
(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas
and intestinal glands.
(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation
and excretory product
(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects
of exercise on muscles.
(f) Neuron: nerve impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission,
neurotransmitters.
(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.
(h) Physiology of reproduction, puberty and menopause in human.
7. Developmental Biology:
(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro
and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency;
fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen, blastogenesis,
establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in frog
and chick; genes in development in chick, homeotic genes,
development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.
(b) Cell lineage, cell-to cell interaction, Genetic and induced
teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in
amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.
(c) Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,
cloning.
(d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.
(e) Biogenetic law.
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